Table of Contents
Guacamole is separated into two pieces: guacamole-server, which provides the guacd proxy and related libraries, and guacamole-client, which provides the client to be served by your servlet container, usually Tomcat.
guacamole-client is available in binary form, but guacamole-server must be built from source. Don't be discouraged: building the components of Guacamole from source is not as difficult as it sounds, and the build process is automated. You just need to be sure you have the necessary tools installed ahead of time. With the necessary dependencies in place, building Guacamole only takes a few minutes.
guacamole-server contains all the native, server-side components required by Guacamole to connect to remote desktops. It provides a common C library, libguac, which all other native components depend on, as well as separate libraries for each supported protocol, and guacd, the heart of Guacamole.
guacd is the proxy daemon that runs on your Guacamole server,
accepts users' connections that are tunneled through the Guacamole web application, and
then connects to remote desktops on their behalf. Building guacd
creates an executable called guacd which can be run manually or, if
you wish, automatically when your computer starts up.
To build guacamole-server, you will need a C compiler (such as gcc) and the libraries that guacamole-server depends on. Some dependencies are absolutely required, while others are optional. The presence of optional dependencies enables additional features.
Important
Many Linux distributions separate library packages into binary and "development" packages; you will need to install the development packages. These will usually end in a "-dev" or "-devel" suffix.
In order to build guacamole-server, you will need Cairo, libjpeg, libpng, and the OSSP UUID library. These libraries are strictly required in all cases - Guacamole cannot be built without them.
| Library name | Features | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cairo |
Cairo is used by libguac for graphics rendering. Guacamole cannot function without Cairo installed.
| ||||||||||
| libjpeg-turbo |
libjpeg-turbo is used by libguac to provide JPEG support. Guacamole will not build without this library present:
If libjpeg-turbo is unavailable on your platform, and you do not wish to build it from source, libjpeg will work as well, though it will not be quite as fast:
| ||||||||||
| libpng |
libpng is used by libguac to write PNG images, the core image type used by the Guacamole protocol. Guacamole cannot function without libpng.
| ||||||||||
| libtool |
libtool is used during the build process. libtool creates compiled libraries needed for Guacamole.
| ||||||||||
| OSSP UUID |
OSSP UUID is used by libguac to assign unique IDs to each Guacamole connection. These unique IDs are the basis for connection sharing support.
|
The optional dependencies of Guacamole dictate which parts of guacamole-server will be built. This includes the support for various remote desktop protocols, as well as any additional features of those protocols:
VNC support depends on the libvncclient library, which is part of libVNCServer.
RDP support depends on a recent version of FreeRDP (1.0 or higher, but please not a non-release version from git).
SSH support depends on libssh2, OpenSSL and Pango (a font rendering and text layout library, used by Guacamole's built-in terminal emulator).
Telnet depends on libtelnet and Pango.
Kubernetes support depends on libwebsockets, OpenSSL, and Pango.
The guacenc utility, provided by guacamole-server to translate screen recordings into video, depends on FFmpeg, and will only be built if at least the libavcodec, libavformat, libavutil, and libswscale libraries provided by FFmpeg are installed.
Important
If you lack these dependencies, then the features or protocols which depend on them will not be enabled. Please read this section carefully before deciding not to install an optional dependency.
| Library name | Features | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FFmpeg |
The libavcodec, libavformat, libavutil, and libswscale libraries provided by FFmpeg are used by guacenc to encode video streams when translating recordings of Guacamole sessions. Without FFmpeg, the guacenc utility will simply not be built. If you do not wish to make graphical recordings of Guacamole sessions, or do not wish to translate such recordings into video, then FFmpeg is not needed.
| ||||
| FreeRDP |
FreeRDP 2.0.0 or later is required for RDP support. If you do not wish to build RDP support, this library is not needed.
| ||||
| Pango |
Pango is a text layout library which Guacamole uses to render text for protocols that require a terminal (Kubernetes, SSH, and telnet). If you do not wish to build any terminal-based protocol support, this library is not needed.
| ||||
| libssh2 |
libssh2 is required for SSH support. If you do not wish to build SSH support, this library is not needed.
| ||||
| libtelnet |
libtelnet is required for telnet support. If you do not wish to build telnet support, this library is not needed.
| ||||
| libVNCServer |
libVNCServer provides libvncclient, which is required for VNC support. If you do not wish to build VNC support, this library is not needed.
| ||||
| libwebsockets |
libwebsockets is required for Kubernetes support. If you do not wish to build Kubernetes support, this library is not needed.
| ||||
| PulseAudio |
PulseAudio provides libpulse, which is used by Guacamole's VNC support to provide experimental audio support. If you are not going to be using the experimental audio support for VNC, you do not need this library.
| ||||
| OpenSSL |
OpenSSL provides support for SSL and TLS - two common encryption schemes that make up the majority of encrypted web traffic. If you have libssl installed, guacd will be built with SSL support, allowing communication between the web application and guacd to be encrypted. This library is also required for SSH support, for manipulating public/private keys, and for Kubernetes support, for SSL/TLS connections to the Kubernetes server. Without SSL support, there will be no option to encrypt communication to guacd, and support for SSH and Kubernetes cannot be built.
| ||||
| libvorbis |
libvorbis provides support for Ogg Vorbis - a free and open standard for sound compression. If installed, libguac will be built with support for Ogg Vorbis, and protocols supporting audio will use Ogg Vorbis compression when possible. Otherwise, sound will only be encoded as WAV (uncompressed), and will only be available if your browser also supports WAV.
| ||||
| libwebp |
libwebp is used by libguac to write WebP images. Though support for WebP is not mandated by the Guacamole protocol, WebP images will be used if supported by both the browser and by libguac. Lacking WebP support, Guacamole will simply use JPEG in cases that it would have preferred WebP.
|
You can obtain a copy of the guacamole-server source from the
Guacamole project web site. These releases are stable snapshots of the latest code
which have undergone enough testing that the Guacamole team considers them fit for
public consumption. Source downloaded from the project web site will take the form
of a .tar.gz archive which you can extract from the command
line:
$tar -xzf guacamole-server-1.2.0.tar.gz$cd guacamole-server-1.2.0/$
If you want the absolute latest code, and don't care that the code hasn't been as rigorously tested as the code in stable releases, you can also clone the Guacamole team's git repository on GitHub:
$git clonegit://github.com/apache/guacamole-server.gitCloning into 'guacamole-server'... remote: Counting objects: 6769, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2244/2244), done. remote: Total 6769 (delta 3058), reused 6718 (delta 3008) Receiving objects: 100% (6769/6769), 2.32 MiB | 777 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (3058/3058), done.$
Once the guacamole-server source has been downloaded and
extracted, you need to run configure. This is a shell script
automatically generated by GNU Autotools, a popular build system used by the
Guacamole project for guacamole-server. Running
configure will determine which libraries are available on
your system and will select the appropriate components for building depending on
what you actually have installed.
Important
Source downloaded directly from git will not contain this
configure script, as autogenerated code is not included
in the project's repositories. If you downloaded the code from the project's git
repositories directly, you will need to generate configure
manually:
$cd guacamole-server/$autoreconf -fi$
Doing this requires GNU Autotools to be installed.
Source archives downloaded from the project website contain the
configure script and all other necessary build
files, and thus do not require GNU Autotools to be installed on the build
machine.
Once you run configure, you can see what a listing of what
libraries were found and what it has determined should be built:
$./configure --with-init-dir=/etc/init.dchecking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes ... ------------------------------------------------ guacamole-server version 1.2.0 ------------------------------------------------ Library status: freerdp2 ............ yes pango ............... yes libavcodec .......... yes libavformat ......... yes libavutil ........... yes libssh2 ............. yes libssl .............. yes libswscale .......... yes libtelnet ........... yes libVNCServer ........ yes libvorbis ........... yes libpulse ............ yes libwebsockets ....... yes libwebp ............. yes wsock32 ............. no Protocol support: Kubernetes .... yes RDP ........... yes SSH ........... yes Telnet ........ yes VNC ........... yes Services / tools: guacd ...... yes guacenc .... yes guaclog .... yes Init scripts: /etc/init.d Systemd units: no Type "make" to compile guacamole-server.$
The --with-init-dir=/etc/init.d shown above prepares
the build to install a startup script for guacd into the
/etc/init.d directory, such that we can later easily
configure guacd to start automatically on boot. If you do not
wish guacd to start automatically at boot, leave off the
--with-init-dir option. If the directory containing your
distribution's startup scripts differs from the common
/etc/init.d, replace /etc/init.d with
the proper directory here. You may need to consult your distribution's
documentation, or do a little digging in /etc, to determine the
proper location.
Here, configure has found everything, including all optional
libraries, and will build all protocol support, even support for Ogg Vorbis sound in
RDP. If you are missing some libraries, some of the
"yes" answers above will read
"no". If a library which is strictly required
is missing, the script will fail outright, and you will need to install the missing
dependency. If, after running configure, you find support for
something you wanted is missing, simply install the corresponding dependencies and
run configure again.
Important
All protocols that require a terminal (Kubernetes, SSH, and telnet) require that fonts are installed on the Guacamole server in order to function, as output from the terminal cannot be rendered otherwise. Support for these protocols will build just fine if fonts are not installed, but it will fail to connect when used:
Aug 23 14:09:45 my-server guacd[5606]: Unable to get font "monospace"
If terminal-based connections are not working and you see such a message in syslog, you should make sure fonts are installed and try again.
Once configure is finished, just type
"make", and it will guacamole-server
will compile:
$makeMaking all in src/libguac make[1]: Entering directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server/src/libguac' ... make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server/src/protocols/vnc' make[1]: Entering directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server' make[1]: Nothing to be done for `all-am'. make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server'$
Quite a bit of output will scroll up the screen as all the components are compiled.
Once everything finishes, all you have left to do is type "make
install" to install the components that were built, and then
"ldconfig" to update your system's cache of installed
libraries:
#make installMaking install in src/libguac make[1]: Entering directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server/src/libguac' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server/src/libguac' ... ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Libraries have been installed in: /usr/local/lib If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR' flag during linking and do at least one of the following: - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable during execution - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable during linking - use the `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf' See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'. make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server/src/protocols/vnc' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server/src/protocols/vnc' make[1]: Entering directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server' make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'. make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'. make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/zhz/guacamole/guacamole-server'#ldconfig#
At this point, everything is installed, but guacd is not running. You will need to run guacd in order to use Guacamole once the client components are installed as well.
Beware that even after installing guacd and its startup script, you will likely still have to activate the service for it to start automatically. Doing this varies by distribution, but each distribution will have documentation describing how to do so.
Important
Normally, you don't need to build guacamole-client, as it is written in Java and is cross-platform. You can easily obtain the latest version of guacamole-client from the release archives of the Guacamole project web site, including all supported extensions, without having to build it yourself.
If you do not want to build guacamole-client from source, just download
guacamole.war from the project web site, along with any
desired extensions, and skip ahead to the section called “Deploying Guacamole”.
guacamole-client contains all Java and JavaScript components of Guacamole (guacamole, guacamole-common, guacamole-ext, and guacamole-common-js). These components ultimately make up the web application that will serve the HTML5 Guacamole client to users that connect to your server. This web application will then connect to guacd, part of guacamole-server, on behalf of connected users in order to serve them any remote desktop they are authorized to access.
To compile guacamole-client, all you need is Apache Maven and a copy of the Java JDK. Most, if not all, Linux distributions will provide packages for these.
You can obtain a copy of the guacamole-client source from the
Guacamole project web site. These releases are stable snapshots of the latest code which
have undergone enough testing that the Guacamole team considers them fit for public
consumption. Source downloaded from the project web site will take the form of a
.tar.gz archive which you can extract from the command
line:
$tar -xzf guacamole-client-1.2.0.tar.gz$cd guacamole-client-1.2.0/$
As with guacamole-server, if you want the absolute latest code, and don't care that the code hasn't been as rigorously tested as the code in stable releases, you can also clone the Guacamole team's git repository on GitHub:
$git clonegit://github.com/apache/guacamole-client.gitCloning into 'guacamole-client'... remote: Counting objects: 12788, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4183/4183), done. remote: Total 12788 (delta 3942), reused 12667 (delta 3822) Receiving objects: 100% (12788/12788), 3.23 MiB | 799 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (3942/3942), done.$
Unlike guacamole-server, even if you grab the code from the git
repositories, you won't need to run anything before building. There are no scripts that
need to be generated before building - all Maven needs is the
pom.xml file provided with the source.
To build guacamole-client, just run "mvn
package". This will invoke Maven to automatically build and package all
components, producing a single .war file, which contains the entire
web application:
$mvn package[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Reactor Build Order: [INFO] [INFO] guacamole-common [INFO] guacamole-ext [INFO] guacamole-common-js [INFO] guacamole [INFO] guacamole-auth-cas [INFO] guacamole-auth-duo [INFO] guacamole-auth-header [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc-base [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc-mysql [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc-postgresql [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc-sqlserver [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc-dist [INFO] guacamole-auth-ldap [INFO] guacamole-auth-openid [INFO] guacamole-auth-quickconnect [INFO] guacamole-auth-totp [INFO] guacamole-example [INFO] guacamole-playback-example [INFO] guacamole-client ... [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Reactor Summary: [INFO] [INFO] guacamole-common ................................... SUCCESS [ 21.852 s] [INFO] guacamole-ext ...................................... SUCCESS [ 9.055 s] [INFO] guacamole-common-js ................................ SUCCESS [ 1.988 s] [INFO] guacamole .......................................... SUCCESS [ 18.040 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-cas ................................. SUCCESS [ 4.203 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-duo ................................. SUCCESS [ 2.251 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-header .............................. SUCCESS [ 1.399 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc ................................ SUCCESS [ 1.396 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc-base ........................... SUCCESS [ 3.266 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc-mysql .......................... SUCCESS [ 4.665 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc-postgresql ..................... SUCCESS [ 3.764 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc-sqlserver ...................... SUCCESS [ 3.738 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-jdbc-dist ........................... SUCCESS [ 1.214 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-ldap ................................ SUCCESS [ 1.991 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-openid .............................. SUCCESS [ 2.204 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-quickconnect ........................ SUCCESS [ 2.983 s] [INFO] guacamole-auth-totp ................................ SUCCESS [ 8.154 s] [INFO] guacamole-example .................................. SUCCESS [ 0.895 s] [INFO] guacamole-playback-example ......................... SUCCESS [ 0.795 s] [INFO] guacamole-client ................................... SUCCESS [ 7.478 s] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 01:41 min [INFO] Finished at: 2018-10-15T17:08:29-07:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 42M/379M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------$
Once the Guacamole web application is built, there will be a .war file in the
guacamole/target/ subdirectory of the current directory (the
directory you were in when you ran mvn), ready to be deployed
to a servlet container like Tomcat.
The web application portion of Guacamole is packaged as a fully self-contained
.war file. If you downloaded Guacamole from the main project
web site, this file will be called guacamole.war. Deploying this
involves copying the file into the directory your servlet container uses for
.war files. In the case of Tomcat, this will be
CATALINA_HOME/webapps/CATALINA_HOME will vary by how Tomcat was installed, but is
commonly /var/lib/tomcat, /var/lib/tomcat7, or
similar:
#cp guacamole.war/var/lib/tomcat/webapps#
If you have built guacamole-client from source, the required .war
file will be within the guacamole/target/ directory and will
contain an additional version suffix. As Tomcat will determine the location of the web
application from the name of the .war file, you will likely want to
rename this to simply guacamole.war while copying:
#cp guacamole/target/guacamole-1.2.0.war/var/lib/tomcat/webapps/guacamole.war#
Again, if you are using a different servlet container or if Tomcat is installed to a
different location, you will need to check the documentation of your servlet container,
distribution, or both to determine the proper location for deploying
.war files like guacamole.war.
Once the .war file is in place, you may need to restart Tomcat to
force Tomcat to deploy the new web application, and the guacd daemon
must be started if it isn't running already. The command to restart Tomcat and
guacd will vary by distribution. Typically, you can do this by
running the corresponding init scripts with the "restart" option:
#/etc/init.d/tomcat7 restartStopping Tomcat... OK Starting Tomcat... OK#/etc/init.d/guacd startStarting guacd: SUCCESS guacd[6229]: INFO: Guacamole proxy daemon (guacd) version 1.2.0 started#
Important
If you want Guacamole to start on boot, you will need to configure the Tomcat and guacd services to run automatically. Your distribution will provide documentation for doing this.
After restarting Tomcat and starting guacd, Guacamole is successfully installed, though it will not be fully running. In its current state, it is completely unconfigured, and further steps are required to add at least one Guacamole user and a few connections. This is covered in Chapter 5, Configuring Guacamole.
Guacamole will use WebSocket automatically if supported by the browser and your servlet container. In the event that Guacamole cannot connect using WebSocket, it will immediately and transparently fall back to using HTTP.
WebSocket is supported in Guacamole for Tomcat 7.0.37 or higher, Jetty 8 or higher, and any servlet container supporting JSR 356, the standardized Java API for WebSocket.